Geography24

 Describe the rock cycle and the types of processes that lead to the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, and explain why there is an active rock cycle on Earth.   • Explain the concept of partial melting and describe the geological processes that lead to melting.   • Describe, in general terms, the range of chemical compositions of magmas. • Discuss the processes that take place during the cooling and crystallization of magma, and the typical order of crystallization according to the Bowen reaction series.   • Explain how magma composition can be changed by fractional crystallization and partial melting of the surrounding rocks.   • Apply the criteria for igneous rock classification based on mineral proportions.  • Describe the origins of phaneritic, porphyritic, and pegmatitic rock textures.   • Identify plutons on the basis of their morphology and their relationships to the surrounding rocks. • E...

What is Volcanism?  A volcano is any location where magma comes to the surface, or has done so within the past several million years. This can include eruptions on the ocean floor (or even under the water of a lake), where they are called subaqueous eruptions, or on land, where they are called subaerial eruptions. Not all volcanic eruptions produce the volcanic mountains with which we are familiar; in fact most of Earth’s volcanism takes place along the spreading ridges on the sea floor and does not produce volcanic mountains at all—not even sea-floor mountains. Download Full text

 How do you start a research? How do you give a general overview of the research in view? What should and should not be stated in your abstract? What is the prerequisite knowledge that is expected of you before starting a research? To answer all this questions, click and download the articles below: Research Proposal Paper 1 Research Proposal with Annotations Paper 2

 Water is a foundation of life and livelihoods, and is key to sustainable development. Successful water management will serve as a foundation for the achievement of many of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),as well as for SDG 6 - which is to ‘Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’. Despite this, water is becoming a pressing societal and geopolitical issue – in some regions, it is already of critical national concern. ‘Business as usual’ will mean the world will miss water-related SDGs by a wide margin; up to 40% of the world’s population will be living in seriously water-stressed areas by 2035; and the ability of ecosystems to provide fresh water supplies will become increasingly compromised. 60% of fresh water comes from river basins that cross national borders. Transboundary water agreements need to be robust enough to deal with increasingly uncertain environmental and climatic conditions, and the social and demographic changes t...

Know the World's Critical Trends in Population, Health and Environment. India is projected to have the greatest absolute increase in population size of any country between 2021 and 2050, rising nearly 246 million to 1.64 billion. The ratio of births among adolescent girls (ages 15-19) in Africa remained flat at 15% between 1990 and 2020. During the same period, it declined in the Americas (from 16% to 12%), Asia (from 11% to 5%), Europe (from 9% to 3%) and Oceania (from 8% to 6%). Sub-Saharan Africa has the youngest population of any sub-region with 42% of its population under age.   Click to download Population Sheet